SymbolHub

Product Symbol (∏)

The product symbol ∏ is Unicode U+220F, the capital pi of product notation. Press Copy to put it on your clipboard, or type it with Option + Shift + P on a Mac.

Unicode
U+220F
HTML
∏
Word
220F Alt+X
Mac
Option + Shift + P

How to type the product symbol (∏)

The quickest way is to press Copy above and paste. To type ∏ yourself, use the method for your device below. On a Mac it is Option + Shift + P.

Windows

  1. In Word or Outlook, type 220F and press Alt + X. Alt + X converts the hex code before the cursor into the character, and back again.
  2. Press Win + R, type charmap and press Enter. Tick “Advanced view”, search for N-Ary Product, then Select and Copy. Character Map is built into every version of Windows.

Mac

  1. Press Option+Shift+P. On the standard US and US-International layouts.
  2. Press Control + Command + Space to open the Character Viewer, search for n-ary product and double-click it.

Linux & ChromeOS

  1. Press Ctrl + Shift + U, type 220f, then press Enter or Space. Works in GTK and IBus apps (GNOME, Firefox, Chrome, LibreOffice) and on ChromeOS.

iPhone & iPad

  1. Copy ∏ from this page, then go to Settings → General → Keyboard → Text Replacement and add it with a shortcut such as ;prod. The shortcut then turns into the symbol as you type, in every app.

Android

  1. Copy ∏ here, then open Gboard settings → Dictionary → Personal dictionary and add it with a shortcut.

Microsoft Word

  1. Type 220F, then press Alt + X.
  2. Insert → Symbol → More Symbols. Set “from” to Unicode (hex), type 220F in “Character code” and click Insert.
  3. On a Mac, Option+Shift+P works in Word too.

Google Docs

  1. Insert → Special characters, then search for “n-ary product” or draw it in the box.

Excel & Google Sheets

  1. Enter =UNICHAR(8719) in a cell. It works in Excel 2013 and later and in Google Sheets.

HTML

  1. Write ∏ or ∏ in your HTML.

What does ∏ mean?

∏ multiplies a sequence of terms the way ∑ adds them: ∏ from k = 1 to n of k is n! (n factorial). It is drawn like the Greek capital Π but is a separate operator character sized to carry limits. It appears in probability (the product of independent probabilities), number theory (Euler’s product for primes) and machine learning, where likelihoods are products of many factors. Its upside-down cousin ∐ is the coproduct.

Common uses

  • Factorials: n! = ∏ k
  • Probability of independent events: P = ∏ pᵢ

Product Symbol codes for HTML, CSS and programming

Every code below produces ∏. Use the HTML entity in web pages, the CSS escape in content, and the escape sequence in source code.

Unicode code pointU+220F
HTML entity (named)∏
HTML decimal∏
HTML hex∏
CSS contentcontent: "\220F";
JavaScript"\u220F"
Python"\u220F"
Python (by name)"\N{N-ARY PRODUCT}"
Java / C#"\u220F"
LaTeX\prod
UTF-8 bytesE2 88 8F
UTF-16220F
URL encoded%E2%88%8F
Mac shortcutOption + Shift + P

∏ vs look-alike characters

These characters look similar to ∏ but have a different meaning and code. Pasting the wrong one can break search, sorting and screen readers.

CharNameWhen to use it
Greek capital Pi
U+03A0		Greek capital letter Pi.
N-Ary Coproduct
U+2210		N-ary coproduct, used in category theory.

Symbols similar to ∏

Click to copy, or open a symbol for its codes. See the full math symbols collection.

∏ character properties

Official Unicode name
N-ARY PRODUCT
Also known as
product notation, capital pi notation, n-ary product
Code point
U+220F
Unicode block
Mathematical Operators (U+2200–U+22FF)
General category
Math symbol (Sm)
Added in
Unicode 1.1 (1993)
Plane
Basic Multilingual Plane (0)
Emoji
No, it is a text symbol

Frequently asked questions

What does the big pi symbol mean in maths?

It is product notation: multiply every term from the lower limit to the upper limit, just as ∑ adds them.

Is there an alt code for the product symbol?

No. ∏ is outside the Windows-1252 and code page 437 character sets, so no Alt + number code produces it. Copy it from this page, type 220F then Alt + X in Word, or find it in Character Map.

How do I type the product symbol on a Mac?

Press Option + Shift + P. It works in every app on the US keyboard layout. You can also open the Character Viewer with Control + Command + Space and search for it.

What is the HTML code for the product symbol?

Use the named entity ∏ or the numeric reference ∏ (hex ∏). All three display ∏ in every browser.

What is the Unicode for the product symbol?

∏ is U+220F, officially named N-ARY PRODUCT, in the Mathematical Operators block. It has been part of Unicode since version 1.1 (1993).